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Chandrayaan-3 launched from Sriharikota on July 14, 2023. The spacecraft consists of a Vikram lander and a Pragyan rover. The Vikram lander touched down on the Moon on August 23. It became the first spacecraft to land in the Moon’s south polar region where water ice could be found under the surface. The landing site was the farthest south that any lunar probe had touched down, and India was the fourth country to have landed a spacecraft on the Moon—after the United States, Russia, and China. In this article, we will explore Chandrayaan-3 landing, Programmes and more about Chandrayaan-3 Rover.
Chandrayaan programmes:- The Chandrayaan programme (from Sanskrit: Chandra, “Moon” and yāna, “craft, vehicle”), also known as the Indian Lunar Exploration Program is an ongoing series of outer space missions by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) for the exploration of the Moon. The program incorporates a lunar orbiter, an impactor, a soft lander and a rover spacecraft.There have been three missions so far with a total of two orbiters, landers and rovers each. While the two orbiters were successful, the first lander and rover which were part of the Chandrayaan-2 mission, crashed on the surface.The second lander and rover mission Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on the Moon on 23 August 2023, making India the first nation to successfully land a spacecraft in the lunar south pole region, and the fourth country to land on the Moon after the Soviet Union, the United States and China.
Programme structure
The Chandrayaan (Indian Lunar Exploration Programme) programme is a multiple mission programme. An orbiter with an impactor probe was the first mission sent to the Moon by India.The second spacecraft consisting of orbiter, soft lander and rover was launched on 22 July 2019, which crash landed, leaving the orbiter as the sole successful part of the mission. In a podcast from AT, VSSC director S. Somanath had stated that there would be a Chandrayaan-3 and more follow up missions in the programme.The Chandrayaan-3 mission was launched in 14 July 2023 using LVM-3 and landed on 23 August 2023. There are three phases of Chandrayaan.
Chandrayaan-1
The first phase includes the launch of the first lunar orbiters.
Chandrayaan-1, launched on 22 October 2008 aboard a PSLV-XL rocket, was a big success for ISRO as the Moon Impact Probe, a payload on board the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, discovered water on the Moon. Apart from detecting water the Chandrayaan-1 mission performed several other tasks such as mapping and atmospheric profiling of the Moon.
Chandrayaan-2
On 18 September 2008, the First Manmohan Singh Cabinet approved the mission. Although ISRO finalised the payload for Chandrayaan-2 per schedule, the mission was postponed in January 2013 and rescheduled to 2016 because Russia was unable to develop the lander on time. Roscosmos later withdrew in wake of the failure of the Fobos-Grunt mission to Mars, since the technical aspects connected with the Fobos-Grunt mission were also used in the lunar projects, which needed to be reviewed.When Russia cited its inability to provide the lander even by 2015, India decided to develop the lunar mission independently and unused orbiter hardware was repurposed to be used for Mars Orbiter Mission.
Chandrayaan-2 was launched on 22 July 2019 aboard a LVM3 rocket. The spacecraft was successfully put into lunar orbit on August 20, 2019 but the lander was lost while attempting to land on 6 September 2019. The orbiter is operational, collecting scientific data, and is expected to function for 7.5 years.
Chandrayaan-3
In November 2019, ISRO officials stated that a new lunar lander mission was being studied for launch in November 2020. This new proposal is called Chandrayaan-3 and it would be a re-attempt to demonstrate the landing capabilities needed for the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission proposed in partnership with Japan for 2025. This spacecraft configuration would not include launching an orbiter and would have a lander, rover, and a propulsion module with mission costing ₹ 250 crore with additional launch costs of ₹ 365 crore for LVM3. This third mission would land in the same area as the second oneChandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July 2023 at 9:05:17 UTC. The primary goals of the Chandrayaan-3 mission encompass three key aspects. Firstly, it aims to showcase a successful and controlled touchdown on the lunar surface. Secondly, it intends to demonstrate the mobility of a rover on the Moon’s terrain. Lastly, it seeks to carry out scientific experiments directly on the lunar surface
The lander and rover of Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar pole south region on 23 August 2023.
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